Code snippets

Regex using groups in javascript

2012-01-26T14:36:00.018-06:00

Convert the xml to uppercase except text or textContent and attribute values.

var XML_String="<start_tag><data>some data</data><data id=\"xyz\" id2=\"yyy\">some data2</data></start_tag>"  
XML_String=XML_String.replace(/(<|<\/)([\"_a-zA-Z0-9\s=]*)(>)/gi, function(s, group1, group2,group3) { 
 if(group2.indexOf("\"")>-1){
  var substr=group2;
  substr=substr.replace(/([a-zA-Z0-9=_\s]*)(\")([_a-zA-Z0-9]*)(\")/gi,function(sb,group1,group2,group3,group4){
   return group1.toUpperCase()+group2+group3+group4;
  });
  group2=substr;   
 }else{
  group2=group2.toUpperCase()
 }   
return group1+group2+group3;});

Performance in JDBC

2011-10-14T07:32:00.024-05:00

http://www.precisejava.com/javaperf/j2ee/JDBC.htm#JDBC110

I found this very useful link on net.
I wrote a program to grab 5million rows of data from DB and to store it on my harddrive.
It took almost 12 hours

I used the following function from ResultSet to improve the performance.
resultSet.setFetchSize(2000);

By default the FetchSize is 10 rows, By varying size you see the performance change.

Below are the statistics for pulling 100000 rows
setFetchSize    Minutes
10                      12
2000                  4.5
20000                2.6
100000            java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: requested array is larger than heap

CachedRowSet

2011-06-25T14:25:00.001-05:00

 ResultSet resultSet = stmt.executeQuery(query);  
 CachedRowSet crs = new CachedRowSetImpl(); //com.sun.rowset.CachedRowSetImpl  
 crs.populate(resultSet);

Access DB Connection from standalone application

2011-06-25T14:19:00.000-05:00

 public static Connection getDatabaseConn() throws NamingException{  
      Context ctx=null;  
      Connection conn = null;       
      Properties env = new Properties();   
      env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");   
      env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,"t3://127.0.0.1:7001");   
      ctx = new InitialContext(env);   
      try {  
           dataSource = (DataSource) ctx.lookup("ExtDevDB");     //jndi datasource name  
      } catch (NamingException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
      }  
      try{  
      conn = dataSource.getConnection();  
      }catch(Exception e){  
           e.printStackTrace();  
      }finally{  
      }  
      return conn;       
 }

Use t3 protocol to connect Weblogic server.

SOAP

2011-06-12T12:26:00.003-05:00

http://www.enterprise-component.com/docs/cxsLesson5.pdf

Document to String

2011-05-22T20:42:00.000-05:00

 DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(document); //org.w3c.dom.Document document = null;  
 StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();  
 StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer);  
 TransformerFactory tranFact = TransformerFactory.newInstance();  
 Transformer transfor = tranFact.newTransformer();  
 transfor.transform(domSource, result);  
 String returnXML=writer.toString();

Add CDATA in JavaScript

2011-05-22T19:48:00.000-05:00

 var newCdata=dataXmlDom.createCDATASection("data to append");  
 newContextElem.appendChild(newCdata);

XSLT on Client

2011-04-05T11:46:00.001-05:00

 function xmlTranform(){  
      var xml=file.xml;  
      var xsl=file.xsl;  
      if(window.ActiveXObject)   
      {  
           ex=xml.transformNode(xsl);  
           jDivObj.append(ex);  
      }else if(document.implementation && document.implementation.createDocument){  
           var xsltProcessor=new XSLTProcessor();  
           xsltProcessor.importStylesheet(xsl);  
           var resultDocument=xsltProcessor.transformToFragment(xml,document);  
           var i=resultDocument.firstChild.innerHTML;  
           $("#testDiv").html(i);                                 
      }  
      tb_show("xslt", "#TB_inline?&height=485&width=750&inlineId=testDiv","");// thickbox overlay  
      $("#testDiv").empty();  
 }

RegExp in JavaScript

2011-03-19T07:52:00.000-05:00

 <script type="text/javascript">  
 var str = "mastertablemastertext";  
 var patt1 = /master/i;  
//i is modifier for case-insensitive and g for Global search
 alert(str.match(patt1));  
 </script>

Arrays in Javascript

2011-03-19T07:34:00.000-05:00

 function start() {  
      var example=new Array();  
      example[0]="first";  
      example[1]="esc";  
      for(var i=0;i<example.length;i++){  
           alert(example[i]);  
      }  
      example[example.length]="third";  
      alert(example.length+" "+example["esc"]);  
 }

Split a String in Unix

2011-01-27T07:54:00.000-06:00

 name="TEST_THE_CODE"  
 var=$(echo $name | awk -F "THE" '{print $1 $2}')  
 set -- var  
 echo $1  
 echo $2  

 output would be  
 TEST_  
 _CODE

Parsing using javascript

2011-01-22T18:40:00.000-06:00

SAX parser links:
http://code.google.com/p/jssaxparser/

Dom parser links:
http://www.w3schools.com/Dom/dom_parser.asp

Degrees Minutes Seconds to Decimal Degrees

2011-01-22T13:01:00.000-06:00

 public class LongLat {  
      public static void main(String args[]){  
           double LongDouble=0;  
           double direction=0;  
           int checkDegree=0;  
           BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));  
           String input=null;  
           System.out.println("Enter Longitude or Latitude");  
           try{  
                input=br.readLine().toUpperCase();  
           }catch(Exception e){  
                System.out.println("IO error");  
                System.exit(1);  
           }            
           Pattern p=Pattern.compile("[NEWS]");  
           Matcher m=p.matcher(input);            
           if(input.contains("N") || input.contains("E"))  
                direction=1;  
           else if(input.contains("W") || input.contains("S"))  
                direction=-1;  
           if(input.contains("N") || input.contains("S"))  
                checkDegree=90;  
           else if(input.contains("W") || input.contains("E"))  
                checkDegree=180;  
           input=m.replaceFirst("");  
           input=input.trim();  
           String[] LongDMS=input.split(" ");  
           if(!(Integer.parseInt(LongDMS[0])<=checkDegree)){  
                System.out.println("Degree should be less than "+checkDegree);  
                System.exit(1);  
           }  
           if(!(Integer.parseInt(LongDMS[1])<=60)){  
                System.out.println("Minutes should be in between 0 and "+60);  
                System.exit(1);  
           }  
           if(!(Integer.parseInt(LongDMS[2])<=60)){  
                System.out.println("Second should be in between 0 and "+60);  
                System.exit(1);  
           }  
           if(LongDMS.length==3)  
                LongDouble=Double.valueOf(LongDMS[0])+((Double.valueOf(LongDMS[1])*60)+Double.valueOf(LongDMS[2]))/3600;  
           LongDouble=LongDouble*direction;  
           System.out.println(LongDouble);  
      }  
 }

 Enter Longitude or Latitude  
 W87 43 41  
 -87.72805555555556

CKEditor

2011-01-18T13:23:00.001-06:00

link:
http://docs.cksource.com/CKEditor_3.x/Developers_Guide

Random number generator

2010-11-26T15:38:00.000-06:00

 private static int RandomNumberGenerator(int aStart, int aEnd, Random aRandom){  
      if ( aStart > aEnd ) {  
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start cannot exceed End.");  
      }  
      long range = (long)aEnd - (long)aStart + 1;  
      long fraction = (long)(range * aRandom.nextDouble());  
      int randomNumber = (int)(fraction + aStart);    
      return randomNumber;  
 }

Pop-ups

2010-11-26T14:46:00.001-06:00

 function post_to_url(path, params, method) {  
      method = method || "post"; // Set method to post by default, if not specified.  
      //Here we are creating a form tag and adding attributes to it   
      var form = document.createElement("form");  
      form.setAttribute("method", method);  
      form.setAttribute("action", path);  
      form.setAttribute("target", "NameofthePopup");   
      //Creating input tag and adding attributes to it  
      for(var key in params) {  
           var hiddenField = document.createElement("input");  
           hiddenField.setAttribute("type", "hidden");  
           hiddenField.setAttribute("name", key);  
           hiddenField.setAttribute("value", params[key]);  
           //adding input tags to from tag.  
           form.appendChild(hiddenField);  
      }  
      document.body.appendChild(form);  // Not entirely sure if this is necessary  
      window.open('URL',"NameofthePopup","width=670,height=680,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,resizable=no");  
      form.submit();// submitting the form  
 }

In the above function we are using the Post method to send the parameters.
params should be in follwoing formate(inside the flower brackets):{Arg1:'Arg1Value',Arg2:'Arg2Value'}

Sending an Email

2010-11-26T14:31:00.000-06:00

 java.util.Properties props = new java.util.Properties();  
 props.put("mail.smtp.host", "here you have to give the smtp host address");  
 props.put("mail.smtp.port", "smtp port number, it may or may not required");  
 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);  
 // Construct the message  
 try {  
      Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);  
      String emailfrom=request.getParameter("emailfrom");  
      String emailto=request.getParameter("emailto");  
      String comment="Hi there";  
      msg.setContent(comment,"text/html");  
      msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(request.getParameter("emailfrom")));  
      msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,InternetAddress.parse(request.getParameter("emailto")));  
      msg.setSubject("Enter the subject here");  
      msg.setSentDate(new Date());  
      // Sends the message  
      Transport.send(msg);  
      response.getWriter().print("success");  
 } catch (AddressException e) {  
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
      response.getWriter().print("failed");  
      e.printStackTrace();  
 } catch (MessagingException e) {  
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
      response.getWriter().print("failed");  
      e.printStackTrace();  
 }

SAX Example

2010-11-21T15:30:00.000-06:00

 Sample s=new Sample();  
 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();  
 SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();  
 saxParser.parse("Have to give some class object(consider as Sample.java)", inputStream);  
 inputStream.close();

 public class Sample extends DefaultHandler{  
      public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,Attributes attributes) throws SAXException   
      {  
           // This function invokes when parser reads the starting tag  
           // qName is element name  
           // below command gets the value of the Attribute "name"  
          attributes.getValue("name");    
      }  
      public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {  
           // This function is invoked when the parser reads the ending tag  
      }  
      public void characters(char[] chars, int start, int length) throws SAXException {  
           // Used to read the cdata  
          String s=new String(chars, start,length); // to read CDATA     
      }  
           //Put this line in any of the above method to voluntary exit the
           //parsing  "throw new DoneParsingException();"
 }

How to use Proxy in java

2010-11-21T15:17:00.000-06:00

 Proxy proxy =null;  
 URL url;  
 String decodedXml=null;  
 DataInputStream inStream=null;  
 proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(ProxyAddress, ProxyPort));  
 // Above line creates proxy with given address and port
 url = new URL(getUrl);  // you need to give your url here
 URLConnection conn = url.openConnection(proxy);// it creates a connection using proxy
 String flag;  
 inStream = new DataInputStream(conn.getInputStream());

Char to ascii in javascript

2010-11-03T08:04:00.000-05:00

 function ascii_value (c)  
 {  
      // restrict input to a single character  
      c = c . charAt (0);  
      // loop through all possible ASCII values  
      var i;  
      for (i = 0; i < 256; ++ i)  
      {  
           // convert i into a 2-digit hex string  
           var h = i . toString (16);  
           if (h . length == 1)  
                h = "0" + h;  
           // insert a % character into the string  
           h = "%" + h;  
           // determine the character represented by the escape code  
           h = unescape (h);  
           // if the characters match, we've found the ASCII value  
           if (h == c)  
                break;  
      }  
      return i;  
 }

References:

 Rose, Charlton. "converting between characters and ASCII values." http://sharkysoft.com. 3 Jan 1997. Web. 2 Nov 2010. <http://sharkysoft.com/tutorials/jsa/content/018.html>.

Reading cookies from browser in jsp

2010-11-03T07:55:00.000-05:00

 <c:forEach items='${cookie}' var='mapEntry'> // reading cookies from any browser  
   <c:if test='${mapEntry.key eq "AllCookies"}'>  // reading from a map  
     <c:set var="str1" value="${mapEntry.value.value}"/>   
       <c:forEach var="num" items="${fn:split(str1, ',')}"> // spliting a cookie value  
         <c:out value='${num}'/>  
     </c:forEach>   
   </c:if>  
 </c:forEach>

Google Playground

2010-10-20T08:17:00.001-05:00

http://code.google.com/apis/ajax/

http://code.google.com/apis/ajax/playground/

Buddha's gospels

2010-10-11T20:35:00.000-05:00

The poor and the lowly, the rich and the high, are all one, and that all casts unite in this religion as do the rivers in the sea

Never in this world does hatred cease by hatred; hatred ceases by love. And ' let a man overcome anger by kindness, evil by good.'

One may overcome a thousand men in battle, but he who conquers himself is the greatest victor.

Not by birth, but by his conduct alone, does a man become a low-caste or a Brahmin ( i think in his sense educated).

Victory breeds hatred, for the conquered is unhappy.

All that we are is the result of what we have thought.

Once, it is said, he took some dry leaves in his hand and asked his favourite disciple, Ananda, to tell him whether there were any other leaves beside those in his hand. Ananda replied: 'The leaves of autumn are falling on all sides, and there are more of them than can be numbered.' Then said the Buddha: 'In like manner I have fiven you a handful of truths, but besides these there are many thousands of other truths, more than can be numbered.'

Reference:
Jawaharlal, Nehru. THE DISCOVERY OF INDIA. centenary. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989. 1-582. Print.

Quarz scheduler

2010-10-11T20:15:00.000-05:00

http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/docs/index.html

Calculating Time in milliseconds, in java

2010-10-08T16:29:00.000-05:00

            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            float elapsedTimeMillis;
            

            Put the code here

            elapsedTimeMillis = (System.currentTimeMillis()-start);
            elapsedTimeMillis =elapsedTimeMillis/1000;
            System.out.println("getting xml rowset"+elapsedTimeMillis);

Blogspot formatters

2010-06-11T16:01:00.000-05:00

http://codeformatter.blogspot.com/2009/06/about-code-formatter.html

Access properties in jsp

2010-06-11T15:19:00.000-05:00

<fmt:setbundle basename="Here we mention properties file name" scope="page" var="link"></fmt:setbundle>



<fmt:message bundle="${link}" key="test"></fmt:message>
key is the property we are looking for in the Example.properties file, and ${link} will get its value.


Tag library required for this operations is
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt" %>

.
put Example.properties file under WEB-INF/classes/

Run Example.jsp you will get the above output

Page Flows

2010-04-10T16:40:00.000-05:00

Controller: Controller are composed of methods and their respective actions. Every incoming request is intercepted by a method in controller and performs business logic and return a Forwards object to an action.

libraries:

import org.apache.beehive.netui.pageflow.PageFlowController;

import org.apache.beehive.netui.pageflow.annotation.Jpf;

Every controller should start with an annotation

@Jpf.Controller

public class controller extends PageFlowController

{}

There are two basic ways of Actions:

1)simple action

2)action method

Simple Actions are class-level annotations. These are declared above class with in controller annotation.

@Jpf.Controller

{

simpleAction={@Jpf.simpleAction(name="" ,path="-----.jsp",[other properties])}

}

public class controller extends PageFlowController

{}

simple action can handle navigation, form submission and form validation. It can not handle decision logic. For decision logic we use action methods.

Action Methods can handle navigation, form submission, form validation, data validation and decision logic. Action Methods return Forward object and decorated with @Jpf.Action annotation.

@Jpf.Action{

forwards={@Jpf.Forward(name="" ,path="-----.jsp",[other properties])}

}

public class controller extends PageFlowController

{}

Use of getServletContext()

2010-03-29T14:23:00.001-05:00

When i was doing a project there was a necessity to send an object from one servlet to another servlet. Actually, i was implementing MVC architecture so you can understand in between servlets there is a JSP. So, here is the problem. How to forward an object between servlets?

I came up with an idea of putting the object into session. But, my brother told session is not at all a good idea because it takes lot of server resource. Later, I came up with an idea of using request object and faced trouble sending the objects in request object.

I was thing to implement the logic in different way so that i do not need to send the object to other servlet and i did it with the help of javascript.

Even after the completion of the project, i have question in my mind Is there any other way to send an object between servlets? i found the answer, that is getServletContext()

In servlet1

Resident r=new Resident();

...

getServletContext().setAttribute("Obj",r);

In servlet2

Object o= getServletContext().getAttribute("Obj");

Resident r=(Resident)o;

Example:

Corrections:

The way i implemented above is wrong for forwarding an Object to another Servlet, the correct way is to put it in Session scope or request scope and then access it. ServletContext is more like static or global declaration for all Servlet's.

tricky question on switch-case

2010-02-03T19:06:00.000-06:00

#include
int main()
{
int a=10;
switch(a)
{
case '1': // even if a=1 this case doest not work because it is checking for char '1';
printf("ONE\n");
break;
case '2':
printf("TWO\n");
break;
defa1ut:
printf("NONE\n");
}
return 0;
}

The above program compiles with out any error, but when you run it, it does not give any output

The reason is spelling of key word default is wrong.

Java basic program

2010-02-03T16:56:00.000-06:00

Here i am demonstrating a simple program

public class test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}

Save the above file as test.java

Compile the above program: javac test.java

run the program: java test

Output would be: Hello

In Java we write every thing in class. A class should contain a main method which is static and should return void. String args[] is used to take command line arguments.

so far we learned basic program we into some more depth

we will learn different ways of calling a method

public class test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i;
test1 t=new test1(); // creating a instance of test1
i=t.normal(); // calling a method in class test1
System.out.println(i);
}
}
class test1 // this class should not be public
{
public int normal(){
try{
return 10;
}finally{
return 20;
}
}
}

Save the above file as test.java

Compile the above program: javac test.java

run the program: java test

Output would be: 20

Above program we wrote two classes, and accessing a method in one class from another class.

public class test
{
public static int normal(){ // this method should be static
try{
return 10;
}finally{
return 20;
}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i;
test1 t=new test1(); // creating a instance of test1
i=t.normal(); // calling a method in class test1
System.out.println(i);
}
}

Save the above file as test.java

Compile the above program: javac test.java

run the program: java test

Output would be: 20

In the above above program we wrote two methods in one class and both method are static. We made normal method static because we want to access it from main method.

Good Online tutorials

2009-12-31T14:47:00.000-06:00

Microsoft Sql Server 2008

http://www.functionx.com/sqlserver/index.htm

SQL

http://sqlzoo.net/(editor)

Java

http://www.akgupta.com/Java/certification.htm

http://www.roseindia.net/interviewquestions/ (interview questions)

http://www.lulu.com/items/volume_11/192000/192463/5/preview/PREVIEW_JAVA_J2EE_BOOK.pdf (interview questions)

http://progzoo.net/wiki/ProgZoo(editor for java,c#,c++,perl,ruby,python,VB)

http://sunjavasnips.blogspot.com/2009/12/sun-tech-days-2009-2010-in-india.html (scjp)
http://www.vogella.de/articles/JavaConcurrency/article.html (threads, regex)
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=30946&seqNum=7 (jsp,jstl)
http://javaboutique.internet.com/tutorials/stax/(Stax Parser)
http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/0131015524/samplechapter/0131015524_ch03.pdf ; http://www.docstoc.com/docs/53812971/Advanced-Servlet-Techniques (weblogic sessions)

http://www.csharp-station.com/tutorial.aspx

Adobe Flex

http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/videotraining/

MBasic

http://basicmicro.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

http://galaxy.lamar.edu/~sandrei/CPSC-4360-01/

Portals
http://mus.purplecloud.net/portlets/thesis/portlets.php
http://portletsschool.blogspot.com/search/label/portlet

Probably all

http://dev.fyicenter.com/

http://www.topviewed.info
http://booktraining.org

Ajax Jquery
http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/javascript-ajax/5-ways-to-make-ajax-calls-with-jquery/
http://jquery.malsup.com/form/#getting-started

XML Parsing
http://www.brics.dk/~amoeller/XML/programming/index.html

Scott Adkins - Fight Choreography for "Wolverine"

2009-11-27T13:31:00.000-06:00

Cygwin for graphic support

2009-11-27T13:27:00.000-06:00

links useful for graphic support

http://x.cygwin.com/

Graphviz

2009-11-19T07:55:00.000-06:00

Graphviz is a tool used to draw graphs.

Useful papers and links for graphviz

http://www.graphviz.org/pdf/dotguide.pdf

http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/graphviz/graphviz-601/graphviz/doc/FAQ.html?f=text

http://linux.die.net/man/1/twopi

http://www.graphviz.org/Gallery.php

Similar softwares

http://www.lars-kirchhoff.de/go/research/comments/network-visualization/

MLA Citations

2009-11-17T20:39:00.000-06:00

MLA citation generator:

http://citationmachine.net/index2.php?reqstyleid=1&mode=form&reqsrcid=MLAWeblog&more=yes&nameCnt=1

Some definitions of Computer Networks

2009-08-31T19:46:00.000-05:00

PACKET-SWITCHING: It typically use a strategy called store-and-forward. Each node first receives a complete packet over some link, stores the packet in its internal memory, and then forwards the complete packet to the next node.

CIRCUIT-SWITCHING: It establishes a dedicated circuit across a sequence of links and then allows the source node to send a stream of bits across this circuit to destination node.

CLOUD: Any type of network e.g. point-to-point, multiple access, switched.

SEMANTIC GAP: Gap between what the application expects and what the underlying technology can provide.

GENERAL CLASSES OF FAILURES THAT NETWORK DESIGNERS HAVE TO WORRY: First, Bit-level errors(Electrical interference). Second, Packet-level errors(congestion). Third is link and node failure. if the network overcomes the above three failure then the network can provide reliability.

TWO NICE FEATURES OF LAYERING: First, it decomposes the problem of building a network into more manageable components. You can implement several layers, each of which solves one part of the problem. Second, it provides a more modular design. If you decide that you want to add some new service, you may only need to modify the functionality at one layer, reusing the function provided at all the other layers.

PROTOCOL: The abstract objects that make up the layers of a network system are called protocols. Each protocol defines two different interfaces, service interface and peer interface.

SERVICE INTERFACE: It defines the operations that local objects can perform on the protocol.

PEER INTERFACE: It defines the form and meaning of messages exchanged between protocol peers to implement the communication service.

OSI LAYERS:
Physical layer handles the transmission of raw bits over a communication link.
Data link layer then collects a stream of bits into a larger aggregate called a frame.
Network layer handles routing among nodes within a packet-switched network. At this layer unit of data exchanges among nodes is typically called packets.
Transport layer then implement process-to-process communication channel. At this layer unit of data exchanged is commonly called a message.
Session layer provides a name space for connection management, that is used to tie together the potentially different transport streams that are part of the single application.
Presentation layer is concerned with the format of data exchanged between peers.
Application layer is concerned with the different applications can interoperate with below layer.

DEMUX KEY (OR) DEMULTIPLEXING KEY: Protocol attaches a header to its message contains an identifier that records the application to which the message belongs. we call this identifier demux key.

INTERNETWORK OR INTERNET: A set of independent networks are interconnected to form an internetwork.

BANDWIDTH: Number of bits that pushed on to the network per second.

LATENCY: Is amount of time taken to travel from source node to the destination node.

Address: A byte string that identifies a node.

SWITCH: It main function is to store and foward packets.

ROUTER OR GATEWAY: A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called a router or gateway. it also store and forwards messages like switch does, but between the different networks.

ROUTING: The process of determining systematically how to forward message toward the destination node based on its address is called routing.

UNICAST: A source node wants to send a message to single destination node is called unicast.

BROADCAST: A source node want to send a message to all the nodes on the network is called broadcast.

MULTICAST: A source node want to send a message to some subset of the other node, but not all of them, is called multicast.

MULTIPLEXING: It enable two are more transmission sources to share same media.

INTERLEAVING: The process of taking a group of bits from each input line for multiplexing is called interleaving.

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING: Assignment of non-overlapping frequency ranges to each “user” or signal on a medium. Thus, all signals are transmitted at the same time, each using different frequencies.

A multiplexor accepts inputs and assigns frequencies to each device.

The multiplexor is attached to a high-speed communications line.

A corresponding multiplexor, or demultiplexor, is on the end of the high-speed line and separates the multiplexed signals.

SYNCHRONOUS-TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING: The multiplexor accepts input from attached devices in a round-robin fashion and transmit the data in a never ending pattern.

If one device generates data at a faster rate than other devices, then the multiplexor must either sample the incoming data stream from that device more often than it samples the other devices, or buffer the faster incoming stream.

If a device has nothing to transmit, the multiplexor must still insert a piece of data from that device into the multiplexed stream.

STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXING: A statistical multiplexor transmits only the data from active workstations

If a workstation is not active, no space is wasted on the multiplexed stream.

A statistical multiplexor accepts the incoming data streams and creates a frame containing only the data to be transmitted.

To identify each piece of data, an address is included.

If the data is of variable size, a length is also included.

Creating blocks and grids in CUDA

2009-08-31T15:16:00.000-05:00

GPU's are capable of performing task that are performed by CPU's, CUDA was developed.

This program demonstrates how to create grids and block in a process.

#include stdio.h
#include cuda.h

// Kernel that executes on the CUDA device
__global__ void square_array()
{
int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
printf("idx %d blockIdx.x %d blockDim.x %d threadIdx.x %d\n",idx,blockIdx.x,blockDim.x,threadIdx.x);
}

// main routine that executes on the host
int main(void)
{
int N=9; // length of an array
int block_size = 4; // number of threads that fit in a block
int n_blocks = N/block_size + (N%block_size == 0 ? 0:1); // number of blocks
square_array <<<>>> ();
}

if you execute the program you will get the following output:
xxxxx@hpcc:~/prog$ ./test
idx 0 blockIdx.x 0 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 0
idx 1 blockIdx.x 0 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 1
idx 2 blockIdx.x 0 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 2
idx 3 blockIdx.x 0 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 3
idx 4 blockIdx.x 1 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 0
idx 5 blockIdx.x 1 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 1
idx 6 blockIdx.x 1 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 2
idx 7 blockIdx.x 1 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 3
idx 8 blockIdx.x 2 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 0
idx 9 blockIdx.x 2 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 1
idx 10 blockIdx.x 2 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 2
idx 11 blockIdx.x 2 blockDim.x 4 threadIdx.x 3

int block_size = 4;(it is blockDim.x, each block contain 4 threads)

int n_blocks = N/block_size + (N%block_size == 0 ? 0:1);
this instruction will generate n_blocks=3 (number of blocks, in above output it is blockIdx.x)

How to compile:

Write program and save it with ".cu" extension.
$xyz.cu

setup environment variables
$set up LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PATH:/home/cuda/lib/

compile
$/home/cuda/bin/nvcc -deviceemu xyz.cu -o xyz

run
$./xyz

Batchers Bitonic sort

2009-07-27T22:14:00.001-05:00

The example i am showing will only works for 2^n numbers.

First,we need to break up the given sequence into smaller parts,we call them individual sorting parts( initially two numbers in a part, for every step it will doubles). Now sort first part in increasing and the second in decreasing order and continue like this to the end.

Second, after sorting, if the sorted part having more than two number, then you need to sort numbers with-in, and ascending or descending order depends on which part it is.

example for 8 numbers:

example for 4 numbers:

Basic pthread programming

2009-07-17T19:11:00.000-05:00

Here i demonstated a thread based programme. It counts number of 3's in an array of size 100000. we fill the array with random values. We need to give the number of thread, so that each thread shares part of the array and starts computation.

In this program i used some of the basic pthread commands.

int pthread_create( pthread_t *thread,const pthread_attr_t *attr, void* (*start_routine)(void*),void *arg);

This command creates a thread on a start_routine, arg is an argutment to the start_routine.Mostly we do not use attr, instead we put null.

int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **status);

This command is usefull when we are waiting for return value. Here return value is status.

int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

Above two commands are used for locking and unlocking

#include stdio.h,stdlib.h,pthread.h,sys/time.h
#define N 100000
int a[N],nt;
int part,tid;
pthread_mutex_t arg,args[N];

void * function(void *i)
{
int j,k,l,ltid,count,*ret;
pthread_t thread;
j=(int)i;
ltid=tid;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&arg);
k=j+part;

if(ltid==(nt-1))
k=N;
count=0;
for(l=j;l is less than k;l++)
{
if(a[l]==3)
{
count++;
}

}
printf("thread %d %d\n",ltid,count);
ret=count;
return((void *)ret);
}

main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int i,rc,t;
int count=0,total=0;
pthread_t threads[N];
void *status;
srand (time(NULL));
struct timeval tim;
nt=atoi(argv[1]);

// filling array with random number between 0 to 9
for(i=0;i is less than N;i++)
{
a[i]=rand()%10;
}

part=N/nt;
t=0;
gettimeofday(&tim, NULL);
double t1=tim.tv_sec+(tim.tv_usec/1000000.0);

// creating threads
for(i=0;i is less than nt;i++)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&arg);
rc=pthread_create(&threads[i],NULL,function,(void *)t);
if(rc)
{
printf("error while creating thread\n");
exit(1);
}
t+=part;
tid=i;
}

// Waiting for all threads
for(i=0;i is less than nt;i++)
{
status=0;
rc=pthread_join(threads[i],(void **)&status);
if(rc)
{
printf("error while joining thread\n");
exit(1);
}
total+=status;
}

gettimeofday(&tim, NULL);
double t2=tim.tv_sec+(tim.tv_usec/1000000.0);
printf("3 repeated %d times in %4.3lf using threads\n",total,t2-t1);

}

Sardine run

2009-07-09T10:55:00.000-05:00

Basic programming of A4WD1 rover

2009-06-24T17:05:00.000-05:00

Most of the lynxmotions robots uses the software provided by Basic Micro Technologies.

I will give the explanation of this Basic programming.

Basic programming supported by this rover is not exactly same as traditional one. It does not support all the commands and data structure.

// This program is not written by me, author is James Frye

// you will get source file at lynxmotion

'Program name: 4WD1AUTO.BAS

'Author: My Friend Bharadwaj Srirangam

'Connections

'Pin 16 Jumper to battery (VS)

'Pin 17 Left GP2D12 Sensor (Right facing sensor)

'Pin 18 Right GP2D12 Sensor (Left facing sensor)

'Pin 19 Rear GP2D12 Sensor

'Pin 0 Left Sabertooth channel.

'Pin 1 Right Sabertooth channel.

'Pin 12 A Button.

'Pin 13 B Button.

'Pin 14 C Button.

'Pin 9 Speaker.

; Datatype declaration temp

var byte filter

var word(10)

ir_right var word

ir_left  var word

ir_rear  var word

LSpeed  var word

RSpeed  var word

minspeed con 1750

maxspeed con 1250

LSpeed = 1500

RSpeed = 1500

low p0

low p1

sound 9, [100\880, 100\988, 100\1046, 100\1175]

; starting main

main

gosub sensor_check ;gosub is like function call

; Numbers lower than 1500 result in forward direction.

; Numbers higher than 1500 result in reverse direction.

; min command below select the maximum expression.

; max command below evaluate the minimum expression.

LSpeed = (LSpeed - 10) min maxspeed ;accelerates the motors

RSpeed = (RSpeed - 10) min maxspeed

LSpeed = (LSpeed + ir_left) max minspeed ;when something is detected, this decelerates the opposite side

RSpeed = (RSpeed + ir_right) max minspeed

if (ir_rear > 15) then

LSpeed = (LSpeed - ir_rear) min maxspeed ;if something is detected behind the robot, accelerates both sides

RSpeed = (RSpeed - ir_rear) min maxspeed

endif  ;

Send out the servo pulses

pulsout 0,(LSpeed*2) ; Left Sabertooth channel.

pulsout 1,(RSpeed*2) ; Right Sabertooth channel.

pause 20

goto main

sensor_check

for temp = 0 to 9

adin 17, filter(temp)

next

ir_right = 0

for temp = 0 to 9

ir_right = ir_right + filter(temp)

next

ir_right = ir_right / 85

for temp = 0 to 9

adin 18, filter(temp)

next

ir_left = 0

for temp = 0 to 9

ir_left = ir_left + filter(temp)

next

ir_left = ir_left / 85

for temp = 0 to 9

adin 19, filter(temp)

next

ir_rear = 0

for temp = 0 to 9

ir_rear = ir_rear + filter(temp)

next

ir_rear = ir_rear / 85

; serout is like printf statement in c. we need to check this output at terminal 1 at 38.4kbps.

serout s_out,i38400,["ir_right - ", dec ir_right, " ir_left - ", dec ir_left, " ir_rear - ", dec ir_rear, "LSpeed - ", dec LSpeed, " RSpeed - ", dec RSpeed, 13]

return

Big endian vs Little endian

2009-06-10T06:59:00.000-05:00

8 bits is a byte.

4 bytes is a word.

Above figure shows a 32 bit processor register.

Byte order: Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Byte0

Little Endian: lower order byte of a number is stored in memory at lower address, and the higher order byte is stored at higher address.

Big Endian: lower order byte of a number is stored in memory at higer address, and the higher order byte is stored at lower address.

Example:

1001 / 2 = 1

500 / 2 = 0

250 / 2 = 0

125 / 2 = 1

62 / 2 = 0

31 / 2 = 1

15 / 2 = 1

7 / 2 = 1

3 / 2 = 1

1 / 2 = 1

= 1111101001(binary)

Basic socket programming (TCP)

2009-05-28T10:11:00.001-05:00

Sockets are end points on a machine for communication.

Below code demonstatres connection oriented program (TCP).

Client:

#include following libraries stdio.h, sys/socket.h, sys/types.h, netinet/in.h, netdb.h

int main(int argc,char **argv)

{

int sockfd,newsockfd; // socket descriptors

struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;

struct hostent *he;

char a[50],a1[50];

sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); // creates a socket

if(sockfd<0)

{

printf("Socket failed");

exit(0);

}

// Use either green or yellow code, if you want to give server name as command line argument use the green one.

if((he=gethostbyname(argv[2]))==NULL) // gets the ip address

{

printf("gethost error");

exit(1);

}

serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;

serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.127.127.1");

memcpy(&(serv_addr.sin_addr),he->h_addr,he->h_length);

serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));

if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr))<0)

{

printf("\nConnection failed");

exit(0);

}

printf("\nEnter a Message");

scanf("%s",&a);

write(sockfd,a,50);

read(sockfd,a1,50);

printf("\nClient received Message %s",a1);

close(sockfd); // closing the socket descriptor

}

Server:

#include following libraries stdio.h, sys/socket.h, sys/types.h, netinet/in.h

int main(int argc,char **argv)

{

int sockfd,newsockfd,clilen;

struct sockaddr_in serv_addr,cli_addr;

char a[50];

sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(sockfd<0)

{

printf("\nSocket failed!");

exit(0);

}

serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;

serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);

serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));

if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr))<0)

{

printf("\nBind failed");

exit(1);

}

if(listen(sockfd,5)<0)

{

printf("\nListen fails");

exit(0);

}

clilen=sizeof(cli_addr);

newsockfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr,&clilen);

read(newsockfd,a,80);

printf("Server received %s",a);

write(newsockfd,"Server received message",26);

close(newsockfd);

close(sockfd);

}

compilation:

client : gcc -o client client.c

server : gcc -o server server.c

Execution:

server : ./server (portno)

client : ./client (portno) (servername)

Communication between client and server.

Client side:

client creates a socket and sends a request to server

Server side:

Server creates a socket and waiting for a request.
when request arrives to server socket then it creates a new socket and forward the request to that new socket.
Further communication is goes on in between client's socket and server's new socket.

Different ways of reading a file in C

2009-05-11T20:05:00.000-05:00

In C there are different methods to read a file, but which is more suitable to your code is important. Here we look into different functions and see how it reads from a file.

file.txt (Input)

I am in your blogspot.

fscanf:

FILE *stream,*fopen();

stream=fopen("file.txt","r");

while(!feof(stream))

{

fscanf(stream,"%s",x);

printf("%s\n",x);

}

output:

your

blogspot.

It is clear that is taking string by string and printing on the screen. Have you notice blogspot. is printing twice. we can avoid that using memcpy command.

#include

main()

{

FILE *stream,*fopen();

char x[100];

stream=fopen("file.txt","r");

while(!feof(stream))

{

fscanf(stream,"%s",x);

printf("%s\n",x);

memcpy(x,"\0",100); // every time it clears x

}

Output:

your

blogspot.

fgets:

while(fgets(x,5, stream) != NULL)

{

printf("%s\n",x);

}

Output:

I am

your

blo

gspo

Every time, fgets method takes 5 character from the stream and puts into user buffer.

fgetc:

x=fgetc(stream);

while(x!=EOF)

{

printf("%c\n",x);

x=fgetc(stream);

}

Output:

it reads character by character from file.

Shell script commands

2009-05-08T17:49:00.000-05:00

It is similar to batch programming.

PRINT ON THE SCREEN

echo "Hello"

WRITE TO A FILE

echo "Hello" > file.txt

APPEND TO A FILE

echo "Hello" >> file.txt

TAKE INPUT FROM KEYBOARD

read d (some variable d)

EXAMPLE ON FOR LOOP

for d in 1 2 4 f g g d s
do
echo $d
done

EXAMPLE OF WHILE LOOP

n=1

i=1

while [ $i -le 10 ]

echo "$n * $i = `expr $i \* $n`"

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

Singleton

2009-05-08T17:38:00.000-05:00

Singleton design patters are used where there is only one instance of an object is required.

Here is an example of singleton class.

public class singleton
{
private static singleton instance=null;
static public singleton getInstance()
{
if(instance==null)
instance=new singleton();
return instance;
}
private singleton()
{}
.
.
.
.
}

India's new anthem

2009-05-02T13:53:00.000-05:00

Janine Benyus: 12 sustainable design ideas from nature

2009-04-02T19:10:00.001-05:00

Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

2009-03-27T16:41:00.000-05:00

Following file are needed to put on Client

Conversion.java

ConversionClient.java

Data.java

On server:

Conversion.java

ConversionImpl.java

ConversionServer.java

Data.java

Conversion.java

public interface Conversion extends java.rmi.Remote

{

public Data conversion1(Data km) throws java.rmi.RemoteException;

public Data conversion2(Data km) throws java.rmi.RemoteException;

}

Data.java

import java.io.*;

public class Data implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private float km;

private int miles;

private long foot;

public Data() {

}

public float getKm() {

return km;

}

public void setKm(float km) {

this.km = km;

}

public int getMiles() {

return miles;

}

public void setMiles(int miles) {

this.miles =miles ;

}

public long getFoot() {

return foot;

}

public void setFoot(long foot) {

this.foot = foot;

}

ConversionClient.java

import java.rmi.Naming;

import java.rmi.RemoteException;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.rmi.NotBoundException;

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

import java.net.*;

public class ConversionClient

{

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception

{

// Converting the hostname to ip address

InetAddress ia=InetAddress.getByName(args[0]);

// Looking up for the remote object in remote server

Conversion c=(Conversion) Naming.lookup("rmi://"+ia.getHostAddress()+":3000/ConversionServer");

// Enter kilometers

System.out.println("Enter Kilometers\n");

Scanner ob=new Scanner(System.in);

float km=ob.nextFloat();

System.out.println("val is "+km);

Data d=new Data();

d.setKm(km);

//passing values to two methods

int s=c.conversion1(d).getMiles();

long t=c.conversion2(d).getFoot();

// printing out the values

System.out.println(km+"Kilometers ="+s+"Miles ");

System.out.println(km+"Kilometers ="+t+"Foot ");

}

ConversionImpl.java

import java.rmi.Naming;

import java.rmi.RemoteException;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.rmi.NotBoundException;

public class ConversionImpl extends java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject implements Conversion

{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

public ConversionImpl() throws java.rmi.RemoteException

{

super();

}

// converts from Km to Miles

public synchronized Data conversion1(Data value) throws java.rmi.RemoteException

{

int r=(int)Math.round(value.getKm() * 0.62137119);

//System.out.println("r="+r);

value.setMiles(r);

return value;

}

// converts from Km to Foot

public synchronized Data conversion2(Data value) throws java.rmi.RemoteException

{

long r=(long)Math.round(value.getKm() * 3280.8399);

//System.out.println("r="+r);

value.setFoot(r);

return value;

}

ConversionServer.java

// This program is used to put the object referrence in rmiregistry

import java.rmi.*;

import java.net.*;

public class ConversionServer

{

public static void main(String args[])throws Exception

{

Conversion c=new ConversionImpl();

InetAddress ia=InetAddress.getLocalHost();

String h=ia.getHostName();

Naming.rebind("rmi://"+ia.getHostAddress()+":3000/ConversionServer",c); // putting the object referrence in rmi registry

}

To Compile:

1.a. Copy the folder "client" to the machine where you want to run client.

b. Go to the folder "client" and run the command

% javac *.java

2.a. Copy the folder "server" to the machine where you want to run the server.

b. Go to the folder "server" and run the command

% javac *.java

To Run the program:

1.On server machine

a. Open a window to start rmiregistry

% rmiregistry 3000

b. Go to the folder "server"

c. Start the Server on another window

java ConversionServer

2.a Go to the folder "client" in client machine

b. Start the client using the command

java ConversionClient

Did You Know?

2009-03-12T18:18:00.000-05:00

Remote Procedure Call

2009-03-06T18:30:00.000-06:00

RPC (Remote Procedure Call), it is higher level programming to socket programming.

.x files are just like Interface in java.

conversion.x

struct conv{

float x;

};

program conversion{

version conversion1_vers{

int conversion1(conv)=1;

}=1;

version conversion2_vers{

int converions2(conv)=1;

}=2;

}= 0x23451111;

In Conversion.x, conv is a structures used to send a float value.

To generate client and server code use rpcgen

rpcgen -a -C conversion.x

along with client and server, it will also generate makefile.conversion and someother files.

conversion_client.c

* This is sample code generated by rpcgen.

* These are only templates and you can use them

* as a guideline for developing your own functions.

#include "conversion.h"

#include

#include /* getenv, exit */

void

conversion_1(float a,char *host)

{

CLIENT *clnt;

int *result_1;

conv conversion1_1_arg;

#ifndef DEBUG

clnt = clnt_create(host, conversion, conversion1_vers, "netpath");

if (clnt == (CLIENT *) NULL) {

clnt_pcreateerror(host);

exit(1);

}

#endif /* DEBUG */

conversion1_1_arg.x=a;

result_1 = conversion1_1(&conversion1_1_arg, clnt);

if (result_1 == (int *) NULL) {

clnt_perror(clnt, "call failed");

}

else

{

printf("%.2f Kilometers is equal to %d Miles\n",a,*result_1);

}

#ifndef DEBUG

clnt_destroy(clnt);

#endif /* DEBUG */

}

void

conversion_2(float a,char *host)

{

CLIENT *clnt;

int *result_1;

conv converions2_2_arg;

#ifndef DEBUG

clnt = clnt_create(host, conversion, conversion2_vers, "netpath");

if (clnt == (CLIENT *) NULL) {

clnt_pcreateerror(host);

exit(1);

}

#endif /* DEBUG */

converions2_2_arg.x=a;

result_1 = converions2_2(&converions2_2_arg, clnt);

if (result_1 == (int *) NULL) {

clnt_perror(clnt, "call failed");

}

else

{

printf("%.2f Kilometers is equal to %d Feet\n",a,*result_1);

}

#ifndef DEBUG

clnt_destroy(clnt);

#endif /* DEBUG */

}

main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

char *host;

float a;

if (argc <>

printf("usage: %s server_host\n", argv[0]);

exit(1);

}

host = argv[1];

//According to your logic you need to write your code, here i put "a" as a parameter in both conversion_1 and conversion_2 inorder to send to server.

printf("Enter kilometers\n");

scanf("%f",&a);

conversion_1(a,host);

conversion_2(a,host);

}

conversion_server.c

* This is sample code generated by rpcgen.

* These are only templates and you can use them

* as a guideline for developing your own functions.

#include "conversion.h"

#include

#include /* getenv, exit */

#include

int *

//After generating this code, we need to write our definition to this methods.

conversion1_1_svc(conv *argp, struct svc_req *rqstp)

{

static int result;

* insert server code here

result=(int)floorf((argp->x/1.61)+0.5);

printf("1st resutl is %d\n",result);

return (&result);

}

int *

converions2_2_svc(conv *argp, struct svc_req *rqstp)

{

static int result;

* insert server code here

result=(int)floorf(((argp->x) * 3280.839895)+0.5);

printf("2nd result is %d\n",result);

return (&result);

}

Change the make.conversion to makefile.

mv makefile.conversion makefile

in makefile you need to change the following.

CC=gcc // default is cc

CFLAGS += -g -DRPC_SVC_FG

RPCGENFLAGS = -C

To compile

$ make

Open two command prompts, one for server and other for client.

$./conversion_server

$./conversion_client

I/O in Java

2009-02-27T16:48:00.000-06:00

To read Float from command line:

import java.util.Scanner;

Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);

float f=s.nextFloat();

Scanner: To scan the text

System.in: To receive data from standard input stream

for more information: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html

Load Knoppix In Windows Environment

2009-02-03T12:49:00.000-06:00

Here is a small tutorial for how to load knoppix (it works for anyother live cd's) in windows environment.

Required :

1) VMware player

2) Knoppix .iso file , (it works for any live cd)

3) .vmx file

1)Download VMware player which is compatible to windows. Here are the links and it is free software.

It is small software used to create Virtual Memory.

Current version is: VMware Player 1.0.3

http://www.vmware.com/download/player/

2) You can search Google for knoppix or any type of live cd’s which is of type .iso. if you have knoppix or any other live cd , create image of it of extension .iso .

3) save the below given text into “.vmx “extension file, you can give any name to the file.

Example: knop.vmx, fun.vmx,

config.version = "8"
virtualHW.version = "4"
displayName = "Live CD ISO"
annotation = "Live CD ISO "
guestinfo.vmware.product.long = "Live CD ISO"
guestinfo.vmware.product.url = "http://.com"
guestinfo.vmware.product.short = "LCDI"
guestinfo.vmware.product.version.major = "1"
guestinfo.vmware.product.version.minor = "0"
guestinfo.vmware.product.version.revision = "0"
guestinfo.vmware.product.version.type = "release"
guestinfo.vmware.product.class = "virtual machine"
guestinfo.vmware.product.build = "1.0.0rc8-20051212"
uuid.action = "create"
guestOS = "winxppro"
#####
# Memory
#####
memsize = "126"
# memsize = "256"
# memsize = "512"
# memsize = "768"
#
# Alternative larger memory allocations
#####
# USB
#####
usb.present = "TRUE"
#####
# Floppy
#####
floppy0.present = "FALSE"
#####
# IDE Storage
#####
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
#Edit line below to change ISO to boot from
ide1:0.fileName = "My_iso.iso"
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
ide1:0.startConnected = "TRUE"
ide1:0.autodetect = "TRUE"
#####
# Network
#####
ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
ethernet0.connectionType = "nat"
# ethernet0.connectionType = "bridged"
#
# Switch these two to enable "Bridged" vs. "NAT"
#####
# Sound
#####
sound.present = "TRUE"
sound.virtualDev = "es1371"
sound.autoDetect = "TRUE"
sound.fileName = "-1"
#####
# Misc.
#
# (normal) high
priority.grabbed = "high"
tools.syncTime = "TRUE"
workingDir = "."
#
# (16) 32 64
sched.mem.pShare.checkRate = "32"
#
# (32) 64 128
sched.mem.pshare.scanRate = "64"
#
# Higher resolution lockout, adjust values to exceed 800x600
svga.maxWidth = "800"
svga.maxHeight = "600"
#
# (F) T
isolation.tools.dnd.disable = "FALSE"
#
# (F) T
isolation.tools.hgfs.disable = "FALSE"
#
# (F) T
isolation.tools.copy.disable = "FALSE"
#
# (F) T
isolation.tools.paste.disable = "FALSE"
#
# (T) F
logging = "TRUE"
#
#
# (F) T
log.append = "FALSE"
#
# (3) number of older files kept
log.keepOld = "1"
#
# (0) microseconds
keyboard.typematicMinDelay = 1000000
uuid.location = "56 4d 1f 5d c1 12 e8 02-ed e4 b0 ec ac 96 b8 d0"
uuid.bios = "56 4d 1f 5d c1 12 e8 02-ed e4 b0 ec ac 96 b8 d0"
ethernet0.addressType = "generated"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:96:b8:d0"
ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"
checkpoint.vmState = "live-cd-iso.vmss"

tools.remindInstall = "TRUE"

Procedure to load Linux for Newbie’s

1) Install the VMware player

2) Put .vmx file and .iso in same folder, what ever drive it may be.

3) Change your live cd file name to “My_iso.iso” without quotes.

3) Double click on .vmx file the linux will load in windows environment.

4) While loading the linux it will ask to choose the resolution by showing some options. Chose one.

5)Enter into Virtual machine mode (press ctrl+G), to come out of it(press ctrl+alt)

This message will show on bottom left corner.

6) Once you are familiar with this and you want to do some more changes, you can proceed to advance users

Procedure for Advance users

1) Follow the above procedure to load Linux live cd from windows environment.

2) Look at the “.vmx” code , or drag and drop in notepad.

3) # - are used for comments

4) You can change the memory size.

#####
# Memory
#####
memsize = "126" (Here you can give any value in quotations, below you can see the examples)
# memsize = "256"
# memsize = "512"
# memsize = "768"

5) File name

#####
# IDE Storage
#####
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
#Edit line below to change ISO to boot from
ide1:0.fileName = "My_iso.iso" (here you can give the .iso file name ,my file name is “My_iso.iso"”)
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
ide1:0.startConnected = "TRUE"
ide1:0.autodetect = "TRUE"

6) Screen resolution

# Higher resolution lockout, adjust values to exceed 800x600
svga.maxWidth = "800"
svga.maxHeight = "600"

Here also you can change your resolution screen.

if load at 800x600 resolution , it will ask again the resolution while loading, choose any option.

If adjust to higher resolution, it will load silently.

7) Network

#####
# Network
#####
ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
ethernet0.connectionType = "nat"
# ethernet0.connectionType = "bridged"
#
# Switch these two to enable "Bridged" vs. "NAT"

Here you can change nat or bridged

Tip:

1)You can load more than one Linux depending on your system speed.

Create two .vmx files with different names and double click on both of them. So you can load knoppix and ubantu in different virtual machines.

Only thing is both the “.iso” and “.vmx “files should be in same directory

2)This method also works in Linux Operation System to load live cd , so you should have VMware player which is compatible to Linux, as usual “.vmx” file changes and don’t ask about it ,I don’t know. If anybody put the “.vmx” which is compatible to Linux I will appreciate your work.

Pros

You can directly close the VMware player ( Come out of Virtual Memory mode by pressing ctrl+alt, and close the VMware Player) . When you restart ,it will resume from where you left off.

Cons

It cannot able to access the other drives.

I will appreciate you guys if you add some more tips to it.

Falconry

2009-02-03T11:40:00.001-06:00

History of the Internet

2009-01-27T11:13:00.001-06:00

Some unix commands

2009-01-15T16:44:00.000-06:00

To delete a Directory: rm -rf Directory_name

Appending a file to a mail: mail -s "title" xx@xx.cm

Replacing a string in vi editor: :%s/Old_String/New_String/g

Compress a file: tar cvf file.tar Directory_Name

Uncompress a file: tar xvf file.tar

To search for a string in vi editer: /

To navigate the same search string in vi editor: + 3 (or) #

Caves

2008-11-20T23:06:00.001-06:00

Beaches with unusual sand

2008-11-13T19:20:00.000-06:00

Punalu, Hawaii. The black sand is volcanic in origin

Papakolea, Hawaii, Green sand also is of volcanic origin

Hayms, Australia. It is the white sand in the world. It even made Guinness Book of Records

Pfeiffer, California. Colorful sand.

The island of Maui, the red sand.

Mystic India

2008-11-11T18:13:00.000-06:00